微波促进铬(III)催化降解甲基橙的研究

重金属与难降解有机污染物形成复合污染物,一些重金属离子也能催化H2O2产生.OH。利用微波加热的热效应和非热效应,以甲基橙溶液为模拟偶氮染料废水,研究了微波功率、微波辐射时间、pH值、Cr(III)和H2O2浓度等因素对甲基橙脱色率的影响。研究表明,Cr(III)能与H2O2形成类Fenton试剂,产生.OH,在微波的促进作用下,矿化有机物的原理。1 000 mg.L-1的甲基橙溶液,在H2O2浓度为12.0 mmol.L-1、5 mmol.L-1Cr3 溶液、pH=3、微波功率700 W下加热5 min,甲基橙脱色率达93%。     

催化褪色光度法测定化学试剂中氯化物

建立了一种测定氯化钠含量的新的催化褪色光度法。在稀硫酸介质中,利用氯化钠对溴酸钾氧化甲基橙褪色反应的催化作用,使甲基橙在最大吸收波长510nm处的吸光度明显降低,且此吸光度的降低ΔA与氯化钠的浓度呈定量关系。氯化钠的含量在0～20μg·mL~(-1)范围内与ΔA呈线性关系,方法的检测限为1.46×10~(-7)μg·mL~(-1),用于化学试剂中氯化物杂质含量的测定,加标回收率为94.7%～95.9%。结果满意。     

晶面择优取向ZnO纳米棒阵列膜的制备及其光催化活性研究

采用简单、低温的方法,在修饰过的Zn片上成功制备出具有高度取向的ZnO纳米棒阵列.用SEM、XRD和PL技术对制备出的ZnO纳米棒的结构和谱学特性进行了表征,并通过降解甲基橙溶液研究了其光催化活性.结果表明,ZnO纳米棒是六方钎锌矿晶,与基底垂直,具有沿(002)晶面择优生长的特征.统计结果显示,湿化学反应24h后90%以上的ZnO纳米棒直径为80～140nm,长度为4μm.在PL谱中观察到3个荧光发射带,中心波长分别位于386nm的紫带、524nm的绿带和450～500nm附近的蓝带.ZnO纳米棒的光催化反应为一级反应,表观速率常数与甲基橙的初始浓度有关.     

锐钛型纳米TiO_2光催化性能的研究

以TiCl4为原料,采用沸腾回流强迫水解法制备纳米TiO2,用XRD、TEM对粉体进行表征。采用甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解试验,研究了TiO2的煅烧温度、添加量以及溶液的初始pH值对光催化性能的影响。实验结果表明,当溶液pH=2,TiO2煅烧温度为600℃,添加量为0.8 g/L,光催化75 min甲基橙的脱色率为90.87%。     

全固态复合内腔和频613nm连续波橙光激光器

报道了全固态连续波613nm橙光激光器,橙激光是分别由Nd:YAG和Nd:YVO4晶体的1444nm和1064nm谱线非线性和频产生的,两条谱线在各自晶体对应能级跃迁分别为4F3/2-4I13/2和4F3/2-4I11/2.实验中采用复合腔结构,利用KTP晶体Ⅱ类临界相位进行内腔和频,当注入到Nd:YAG和Nd:YVO4晶体的泵浦功率分别为20W和10W时,获得344mW的TEM00连续波613nm橙激光输出.4h功率稳定度优于±2.8%.     

吖啶橙分光光度法测定水中痕量二氧化氯

在pH=10.5的NH4Cl-NH3缓冲溶液中,吖啶橙在275与490 nm波长处有2个吸收峰.当加入ClO2后,2个吸收峰均降低,在490 nm波长处的吸光度降低值与ClO2浓度在0.080~5.0μg/mL范围成良好线性关系,ClO2检出限(3σ)为0.04μg/mL.据此建立了一种灵敏、简便、快速、准确、选择性测定痕量ClO含量的分光光度法,用于水样分析,结果满意.     

Nano-TiO2 particles with increased photocatalytic activity prepared by the miniemulsion method

The water-in-oil (W/O) miniemulsion system was used to prepare nano-TiO₂ particles. The nano-TiO₂ particles were characterized by XRD, FTIR, DRS, SEM and BET surface area analysis. The photoactivity of nano-TiO₂ particles was evaluated by photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. The results show that nano-TiO₂ particles, prepared by miniemulsion, have a higher efficiency in decomposition of methyl orange than P25 and TiO₂ synthesized via the sol-gel method due to the high surface area and optimum phase constitution.     

Synthesis of nanostructured TiO2 particles in room temperature ionic liquid and its photocatalytic performance

Nanostructured TiO₂ particles were synthesized by sol-gel method with room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-n-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate ([BMIM][PF₆]) as a reaction medium. The structure and morphology of TiO₂ nanoparticles were characterized with X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The as-prepared TiO₂ nanoparticles present anatase crystal phase even without being calcined at high temperature, and show better photocatalytic performance in the degradation of methyl orange. The photocatalytic efficiency increases evidently along with increasing the concentration of nanostructure TiO₂, and the degradation percent can reach 100% at the optimal catalyst concentration (2.0 g/L).     

TiO2 thin films for dyes photodegradation

The aim of the present study is to investigate the influence of the TiO₂ specific surface (powder, film) on the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange. Porous TiO₂ films were deposited on transparent conducting oxide substrates by spray pyrolysis deposition. The films were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electronic Microscopy, and the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The XRD spectra of nanoporous TiO₂ films revealed an anatase, crystalline structure that is known as the most suitable structure in photocatalysis. The average thickness of the films was 260 nm and the measured band gap is 3.44 eV. The influence of the operational parameters (dye concentration, contact time) on the degradation rate of the dye on TiO₂ was examined. There were calculated the kinetic parameters and the process efficiency. Using thin films of TiO₂ is technologically recommended but raises problems due to lowering the amount of catalyst available for the dye degradation.     

乙基橙偶氮聚合物全光开关特性的研究

用偶氮染料乙基橙ethyl orange为客体材料掺杂到主体材料聚乙烯醇(PVA)并用旋涂法制成了偶氮聚合物薄膜样品,用不同功率和不同调制频率的控制光 (532nm,CW) 和探测光(632.8nm, CW)实验研究了乙基橙聚合物薄膜样品的全光开关特性.研究结果表明,在室温下以及在几个毫瓦的弱功率和毫秒级控制光条件下,乙基橙聚合物薄膜具有45%以上的开关调制深度,最大的调制深度在90%以上;研究发现增大样品的掺杂含量可增强全光开关效应,但开关的本底信号也相应增大;选择合适的掺杂含量可获得较好的开关性能.